Liberal trade policies in agriculture refer to frameworks aimed at integrating agricultural products into global markets with minimal state intervention. These policies are encapsulated in the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Agriculture (WTO AoA), which was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and came into effect with the establishment of the WTO. Since the adoption of these policies, domestic rice farmers in Nigeria have faced significant challenges due to the influx of imported rice, which competes directly with locally produced rice in the domestic market. This study investigates the impact of liberalized agricultural trade policies on rice farmers in Nigeria, with a focus on Adamawa State. The study employed both primary data (survey research) and secondary data (published and unpublished sources). Findings reveal that the WTO’s liberal trade policies have facilitated the entry of subsidized foreign rice into Nigeria, placing local farmers who do not benefit from similar subsidies at a competitive disadvantage. This has led to declining incomes for Nigerian rice farmers and increased vulnerability to poverty. The study concludes that WTO-led liberalization has undermined rice production in Nigeria since its inception. It recommends that Nigerian policymakers advocate for a revision of these trade policies to ensure a more balanced framework that supports the interests of local rice farmers while accommodating international trade obligations.