ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management
ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management Overview The ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management is a premier scholarly publication of the Department of Economics, Adamawa State University, Mubi, that disseminates advanced research and knowledge in the fields of applied economics, finance, and management. The journal caters to a global audience of academicians, researchers, and professionals, aiming to bridge the gap between theory and practice in these interrelated disciplines in order to facilitate economic development. History The journal was initially established in 2016 under the title ADSU Journal of Economics and Interrelated Disciplines. It was founded with the mission to explore and address the diverse aspects of economics and its related fields. Recognizing the evolving scope and the interdisciplinary nature of modern economic studies, the journal rebranded to ADSU Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management. This change reflected a more focused commitment to the practical applications of economic theories, financial management practices, and managerial strategies. In its continuous evolution and pursuit of academic excellence, the journal has now attained significant international visibility and prestige, leading to its current title, ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management. This rebranding marks its established status in the global academic community and its commitment to fostering international collaboration and dissemination of high-impact research. Scope and Aims The ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management aims to publish original, high-quality research articles, review papers, and case studies. The journal welcomes contributions that offer innovative insights, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements in areas including, but not limited to: Applied Economics: consumer behaviour, production theory, market structures, game theory, labour markets, welfare economics, economic growth, business cycles, inflation, unemployment, fiscal policy, international trade and finance, time-series, panel data analysis forecasting, poverty, inequality, human capital, microfinance, natural resource management, environmental policy, climate change economics, health economics, healthcare systems, health policy, cost-effectiveness analysis, Urban and regional economics, urbanization, regional development, housing, transportation economics, agricultural economics, agricultural policy, rural development, food security, food economics, food policy, supply chains, and nutrition economics. Tourism economics, economic impact of tourism, demand and supply of tourism, tourism policy, sustainable tourism, sport economics, economic impact of sports, sports finance, marketing, and policy. Industrial organization, market structure, competition, antitrust policy, and innovation. Labour economics, labour supply and demand, wage determination, employment, and labour mobility. Public economics, taxation, government spending, public goods, social insurance, and income distribution. International economics focusing on trade theory, policy, exchange rates, and globalization. Political economy covering governance, political behaviour, and institutional economics. Education economics covering the economics of education, policy, and human capital. . Law and economics analysing property rights and contract theory. History of economic thought exploring classical and modern economic theories. Energy economics examining energy markets and policy. Cultural economics covering the economics of arts, culture, and creative industries. Applied finance: Corporate finance including financial strategies, capital structure, dividend policy, and mergers and acquisitions. Investment analysis covering portfolio management, asset valuation, market analysis, and investment strategies. Financial markets research focusing on the functioning, efficiency, and regulation of stock, bond, and derivative markets. Risk management involving the identification, assessment, and mitigation of financial risks. Financial technology (FinTech) analysing technological innovations in finance, such as blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and digital banking. International finance examining exchange rates, global financial markets, international investment strategies, and the impact of global economic events. Behavioural finance exploring psychological factors influencing financial decision-making and market behaviour. Public finance involving taxation, government spending, public debt, and fiscal policy. Real estate finance covering property valuation, real estate investment, mortgage markets, and property management. Insurance and actuarial science focusing on risk assessment, insurance products, and financial planning for future uncertainties. Banking and financial institutions focusing on the role, regulation, and performance of banks and other financial entities. Personal finance involving budgeting, saving, investing, retirement planning, and wealth management. Corporate governance examining the systems, principles, and processes by which companies are directed and controlled. Financial ethics and regulation exploring ethical issues in finance and the impact of regulatory frameworks on financial practices. Applied management: Strategic management involving competitive strategy, strategic planning, and long-term direction for organizations. Organizational behaviour regarding the behaviour of individuals and groups within organizations, including motivation, leadership, and organizational culture. Human resource management focusing on recruitment, training, performance management, and the strategic role of human resources. Operations management covering the efficient production and delivery of goods and services, supply chain management, and process optimization. International business examineing global business strategies, cross-cultural management, and the challenges of operating in diverse international markets. Entrepreneurship and innovation focusing on the creation and growth of new ventures, innovation management, and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Corporate governance investigating the systems, principles, and processes by which companies are directed and controlled. Marketing management including market research, consumer behaviour, branding, and digital marketing strategies. Project management involving the planning, execution, and control of projects, including methodologies and tools for successful project delivery. Information systems management focusing on the use of information technology to improve business processes and decision-making. Quality management covering quality control, quality assurance, and continuous improvement processes. Change management involving strategies and approaches for managing organizational change and transformation. Financial management including budgeting, financial planning, investment analysis, and financial control. Knowledge management focusing on the creation, sharing, and utilization of knowledge within organizations. Innovation management exploring the processes and practices that foster innovation and creativity within organizations. Editorial Standards The journal upholds rigorous peer-review standards to ensure the publication of high-quality and impactful research. Manuscripts are evaluated based on originality, relevance, methodological rigor, and clarity of presentation. The editorial board comprises esteemed scholars and practitioners from around the world, bringing diverse perspectives and expertise to the review process. Audience The journal targets a broad audience including academics, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, and students who are interested in the practical applications of economic theories, financial strategies, and management practices. It serves as a valuable resource for those seeking to understand the complexities of the global economy and to apply this knowledge in various professional contexts. Publication Frequency The ADSU International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Management is published biannually, ensuring a regular flow of high-quality research to its readership. Access and Distribution The journal is committed to broad dissemination of its content and supports open access to ensure that research findings are accessible to a wider audience without financial or technical barriers. This approach enhances the journal’s reach and impact across the global academic and professional communities.
Effect Of Exchange Rate On Food Prices In Nigeria (1986-2024)
Nigeria is endowed with enormous agricultural potential, yet food prices have continued to rise amid increasing exchange rate volatility and persistent macroeconomic challenges. The combination of currency instability, growing dependence on imported food and agricultural inputs, and recurring economic imbalances has heightened concerns about food security and price stability in the country. Against this backdrop, this study examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on food prices in Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the long-run and short-run relationships between exchange rate movements and food prices over the period 1984–2024, while accounting for the influence of oil revenue, interest rate, and agricultural output as key determinants of food price dynamics. The study employed the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) following confirmation that all variables are integrated of order one, I(1), and cointegrated based on the Johansen test. The long-run results reveal that exchange rate has a positive and statistically significant effect on food prices (β = 1.110, t = 4.460), confirming strong exchange rate pass-through. Oil revenue exerts a significant negative longrun effect (β = –20.761, |t| = 5.641), while interest rate (β = –23.167, |t| = 5.132) and agricultural output (β = –17.954, |t| = 4.627) significantly reduce food prices in the long run. In the short run, exchange rate effects are transmitted with a lag (β = 0.154, t = 2.528), oil revenue increases food prices temporarily (β = 0.916, t = 2.587), and agricultural output reduces food prices (β = –0.789, t = –2.651). The error correction term (–0.496, t = –5.204) indicates that approximately 49.6% of disequilibrium is corrected annually. The study concludes that exchange rate instability remains a major driver of food price inflation in Nigeria, while sustained agricultural expansion and prudent macroeconomic management can mitigate inflationary pressures. It recommends exchange rate stabilization, strengthened agricultural productivity, disciplined monetary policy, and strategic use of oil revenue to ensure sustainable food price stability.
Comparative Analysis Of Diversity And Conflict On Performance Of Local Government Staff In Mubi-North And Michika Local Governments Of Adamawa State
This study examines the comparative analysis of diversity and conflict on the performance of local government staff in Mubi North and Michika Local Government Areas of Adamawa State. The study is anchored on Social Identity Theory and Conflict Theory, which explain how group classification and unequal access to resources contribute to workplace behaviour and performance outcomes. The main objective is to assess how workforce diversity and workplace conflict influence staff performance in the two selected local governments. A crosssectional comparative research design was adopted, and data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to 294 respondents from both LGAs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Findings reveal that workforce diversity is highly prevalent in both LGAs and is perceived to positively influence staff performance by enhancing innovation, teamwork, and service delivery. However, workplace conflict remains a significant challenge, mainly driven by poor communication, unfair management practices, resource competition, cultural differences, and weak leadership, with poor communication identified as the most dominant factor. The study concludes that while diversity improves performance, its benefits are constrained by unresolved workplace conflict. It recommends improved communication systems, inclusive leadership practices, and fair administrative procedures to enhance performance and reduce conflict in local government administration.
Industrial Action And The Performance Of Academic Staff And Students In Selected Public Tertiary Institutions In Adamawa State, Nigeria 2015-2026
The Nigeria tertiary education sector has for long suffered industrial action that has often disrupted academic activities and institutional performance. The study investigated industrial action and its effect on academic staff and students’ performance at some chosen public tertiary institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The topic of the study is the persistent strikes in Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Modibbo Adama University, Yola and College of Agriculture, Ganye. This has resulted to academic instability, drop in productivity and delay in students’ progression. The analysis was based on the Karl Marx Conflict Theory of Industrial Disputes. The theory explains industrial disputes on the basis of uneven power relationship and competing interest between worker and employer. The study adopted a descriptive survey study approach and a structured questionnaire was administered to a sample size of 396 respondents recruited from academic personnel and students. Data were examined with frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The findings showed that the primary causes of industrial disputes were inadequate wages, limited budget, failure to implement agreements and weak infrastructure. The study further revealed that industrial actions reduce the productivity of academic staff, disrupt teaching and research activities and negatively affect students’ academic performance through delay in graduation, reduction in motivation and disruption of academic calendar. To avert industrial conflicts and to enhance academic stability, the study recommends that the funding of postsecondary institutions be improved, staff entitlements be paid on time, government and union agreements be properly executed and institutional autonomy be expanded.
Impact International Committee Of Red Cross Humanitarian Intervention On The Welfare Of Communities Affected By Conflict In Adamawa State
Humanitarian crises resulting from the Boko Haram insurgency and communal conflicts in Adamawa State have led to widespread displacement, loss of livelihoods, and increased vulnerability among affected populations. In response, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other humanitarian actors have implemented various interventions, yet concerns remain regarding their effectiveness in ensuring sustainable welfare, resilience, and community recovery. This study therefore examines the impact of ICRC humanitarian interventions on the management and welfare of conflictaffected communities in Adamawa State. The study is guided by the Human Security Theory, which emphasizes the protection of individuals from multidimensional threats to survival, dignity, and well-being. The specific objectives are to assess the relationship between ICRC interventions and community management, examine their impact on welfare and quality of life, and identify socio-economic factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions. A mixed-method approach was adopted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, while data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Findings reveal that awareness, accessibility, adequacy, consistency, and service delivery of ICRC programmes significantly influence effective community management. The interventions also improve household welfare, health status, living conditions, and reduce vulnerability among beneficiaries. However, socio-economic conditions such as low income, varied education levels, and long-term exposure to conflict shape access and utilization of services. The study recommends enhanced community sensitization, decentralization of services, expansion of integrated livelihood and psychosocial support programmes, and improved collaboration with local stakeholders to ensure inclusive and sustainable humanitarian response.
Effects Of Political Thuggery On Democratization In Adamawa North Senatorial District: A Study Of 2023 General Election
This study examined the effects of political thuggery on democratization in Adamawa North Senatorial District during the 2023 General Election. Political thuggery remains a major obstacle to democratic consolidation through voter intimidation, electoral violence, manipulation of election outcomes, and declining public confidence in the electoral process. The study sought to examine the causes of political thuggery and assess its influence on voter participation. The Elite Theory served as the theoretical framework. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 391 respondents using structured questionnaires selected through random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that youth unemployment, poverty, weak enforcement of electoral laws, low political awareness, and substance abuse were the major causes of political thuggery. The study also found that political thuggery intimidated voters, reduced voter turnout, promoted voter apathy, compelled citizens to vote under duress, and weakened public confidence in the electoral process, thereby undermining democratic participation and electoral credibility. The study concluded that political thuggery poses a serious threat to democratic governance in the study area. It recommended the implementation of sustainable youth employment and empowerment programmes, alongside stronger enforcement of electoral laws and improved election security to ensure free, fair, and credible elections.
Recapitalisation And The Risk–Return Tradeoff In Banks: Evidence From An Emerging Market
This study explores the impact of changes in capital structure resulting from recapitalization on the risk-return relationship and stability of banks in an emerging market setting. The analysis deviates from previous literature that examines capital adequacy ratios by breaking down the process of recapitalization into different financing mechanisms, including equity financing, debt financing, derivatives, and asset appreciation. The study uses panel data on Nigerian Deposit Money Banks during the period 2012-2024, using fixed-effects models with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to account for cross-sectional dependence and macroeconomic shocks. It is observed that there is a clear trade-off between profitability and resilience. The research finds that recapitalization through equity and debt leads to an improvement in the balance sheets' ability to absorb shocks by improving liquidity and lowering non-performing loans. At the same time, recapitalization leads to a temporary decrease in the banks' profits and deposits due to adjustment costs. The use of derivative-based instruments is also shown to depress the profit margins. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of recapitalisation is conditional on the structure of capital adjustment, thus, highlighting the importance of financing channels in shaping bank behaviour. The study adds empirical evidence to the current body of knowledge on banks and financial stability in that it sheds some light on the risk-reward balance with regard to capital regulation in developing countries.
Introjected regulation and employee adaptive performance. Moderating role of organizational culture: evidence from some selected secondary schools in kano state
Employee adaptive performance has become a critical determinant of organizational effectiveness in the face of increasingly complex and volatile work environments. In the secondary school of Kano State, teachers are continuously confronted with demands for pedagogical flexibility, curricular adaptation, and professional resilience. Yet the motivational conditions under which adaptive performance is sustained or undermined remain empirically understudied in this context. This study examines the effect of introjected regulation on employee adaptive performance among teachers in selected secondary schools in Kano State, Nigeria, and investigates the moderating role of organizational culture on this relationship. Utilizing a correlational survey research design, the study involved a sample of 150 teachers from five selected secondary schools within Gwale Local Government Area of Kano State. Data were collected using a validated, structured questionnaire adapted from previous studies, while Self-Determination Theory was adopted as the guiding theoretical framework. Two hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that introjected regulation had a moderate positive and significant effect on employee adaptive performance (β = .29, t = 3.40, p = .001), indicating that internalized pressures such as the desire for approval or avoidance of guilt can moderately enhance adaptive behaviors among secondary school teachers. Furthermore, organizational culture significantly moderated this relationship, such that the positive effect of introjected regulation on adaptive performance was stronger among teachers in schools with higher involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission-driven cultural profiles. Based on these results, the study recommends the institutionalization of constructive professional recognition and accountability mechanisms to positively channel introjected motivation, and deliberate investment in building participatory, mission-aligned school cultures to amplify the adaptive performance gains associated with introjected regulation.
Impact Of Naira Exchange Rate Volatility On Inflation Dynamics In Nigeria: An ARCH-Garch Approach
Unstable exchange rates and inflation can harm the economy of Nigeria; the ongoing increase in prices has made investors lose confidence in future money management plans. If inflation remains unstable for a long time and there is less investment, prices could become unbalanced in the future. As a result of this problem, this paper looks at how the naira’s volatility relate to inflation, the study aims to find out which economic factors affect how much the exchange rate goes up and down in Nigeria, and also to examine the relationship between changes in currency value and rising prices in Nigeria. This study uses the GARCH model and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as its main methods. The study used yearly data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics from 1986 - 2023. The results from the VECM showed that the money supply (MS) and the nominal exchange rate (NER) had a positive and important impact on the inflation rate in Nigeria during the time studied. This finding means that increasing the amount of money in Nigeria can lead to higher prices, or inflation. The study thus recommends that the Central Bank should control how much money is available in the economy. This is because when there is more money available, it usually causes prices to go up (inflation). To keep inflation in check, the CBN needs to keep an eye on how much money is in circulation.
Impact Of Foreign Aid On Inflation In Nigeria
This study examines the impact of foreign aid on inflation in Nigeria over the period 1990–2024, with particular emphasis on the roles of exchange rate and money supply in the aid–inflation nexus. Specifically, it investigates whether foreign aid significantly influences inflation, evaluates the role of exchange rate dynamics, and assesses whether money supply strengthens or weakens the impact of aid on price stability. Annual time-series data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, the Augmented Dickey– Fuller (ADF) unit root test, the Johansen cointegration test, and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimator for long-run analysis. The unit root results confirm that all variables are integrated of order one, I(1), while the Johansen test identifies two long-run cointegrating relationships. The DOLS estimates reveal that foreign aid exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on inflation (β = 29.0017; p = 0.0016), while exchange rate depreciation also significantly increases inflation (β = 0.1201; p = 0.0324). In contrast, money supply shows a positive but statistically insignificant effect (β = 0.9654; p = 0.3022). The model explains approximately 82.7% of variations in inflation (R² = 0.8274). The findings indicate that foreign aid inflows and exchange rate instability are major long-run drivers of inflation in Nigeria, whereas money supply plays a weaker independent role. The study recommends directing aid toward productive sectors, strengthening exchange rate stabilization measures, and enhancing fiscal–monetary policy coordination to safeguard price stability.
Effect Of Non-Performing Loan On The Performance Of Selected Commercial Banks In Nigeria
This study examined the effect of non-performing loans on the performance of selected commercial banks in Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed the impact of total bad debts, liquidity ratio and capital adequacy ratio on bank performance, measured by return on equity. The study covered eight selected commercial banks in Nigeria, namely Wema Bank, Guaranty Trust Bank, First Bank of Nigeria, United Bank for Africa, Fidelity Bank, Zenith Bank, Unity Bank and First City Monument Bank, using quarterly data from 2014 to 2025. Secondary data were obtained from bank financial statements, Central Bank of Nigeria publications and other relevant sources. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root tests, Kao and Johansen Fisher panel cointegration tests, and the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The unit root results showed mixed stationarity among the variables, while the cointegration tests confirmed a long-run relationship among return on equity, non-performing loans, total bad debts, liquidity ratio and capital adequacy ratio. The panel ARDL results showed that non-performing loans had a positive and significant effect on bank performance in both the short run and long run. Total bad debts had a positive but insignificant effect, while liquidity ratio had a positive and significant long-run effect. Capital adequacy ratio had a negative and significant long-run effect on performance. The study concludes that credit-risk conditions, liquidity management and capital structure are important determinants of commercial bank performance in Nigeria. It recommends stronger credit appraisal, improved loan monitoring, effective recovery systems, optimal liquidity management and efficient capital deployment.
Effect Of Kidnapping On Economic Activities In Okene Local Government, Kogi State
This study examined the effect of kidnapping on economic activities in Okene Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria, against the backdrop of rising insecurity and its growing threat to livelihoods and local development. The study specifically sought to assess the extent to which kidnapping affects agricultural productivity, examine its impact on commercial and trading activities, and evaluate its effect on transportation services. A total of 384 questionnaires were administered, out of which 347 valid responses (90.4%) were used for analysis. The study adopted a quantitative approach using a Binary Logistic Regression (Logit) model to estimate the probability of economic disruption, with variables including frequency of kidnapping, proximity to hotspots, intensity of insecurity, family size, and household income. The findings reveal that kidnapping has a statistically significant effect on all three sectors. In agriculture, frequency of kidnapping (Exp(B) = 1.507, p < 0.05), proximity to hotspots (Exp(B) = 6.044, p < 0.05), and intensity of insecurity (Exp(B) = 8.671, p < 0.05) significantly increased the likelihood of disruption. In commerce, the effects were even stronger, with frequency (Exp(B) = 6.184, p < 0.05), proximity (Exp(B) = 11.485, p < 0.05), and intensity (Exp(B) = 208.721, p < 0.01) showing substantial impacts. Similarly, transportation was significantly affected, with frequency (Exp(B) = 4.754, p < 0.05), proximity (Exp(B) = 37.675, p < 0.01), and intensity (Exp(B) = 31.627, p < 0.01) greatly increasing the likelihood of disruption. The study concludes that kidnapping is a major constraint to economic activities in Okene LGA, primarily driven by both actual incidents and the intensity of perceived insecurity. It recommends targeted security interventions in identified hotspots, the creation of secure economic corridors to restore confidence in farming, trading, and transportation, and proactive measures to reduce the frequency of kidnapping through improved intelligence and coordinated security efforts.
Artificial Intelligence And E-Governance Transformation: An Assessment Of Institutional Preparedness In Nigerian Ministries, Departments And Agencies (MDAS)
The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and electronic governance (e-governance) has emerged as a defining paradigm in the organization of public administration globally. In Nigeria, the Federal Government has articulated ambitious aspirations to deploy AI and associated technologies across Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs); yet systematic assessments of institutional preparedness remain scarce. This paper examines the readiness of Nigerian MDAs to adopt and integrate AI-driven egovernance frameworks, drawing on the Technology-Organization Environment (TOE) framework as the primary theoretical lens. Through a critical synthesis of extant literature, policy documents, and official government reports, the paper identifies significant gaps in digital infrastructure, human capital, regulatory coherence, and organizational culture that constrain the effective integration of AI in Nigeria’s public sector. The study maps prevailing policy initiatives including NITDA’s Strategic Roadmap and Action Plan 2.0 (SRAP 2023–2027), the National Digital Economy and EGovernance Act 2024, and the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 against the requirements for genuine AI-readiness. The paper argues that institutional preparedness is not merely a technological problem but a governance challenge requiring coordinated reforms in leadership commitment, data governance, capacity development, and inter-agency collaboration. A conceptual framework—the MDA-AI Readiness Assessment Model (MARAM) is proposed, anchored on four interdependent pillars: technological infrastructure readiness, human capital and organizational readiness, regulatory and policy readiness, and governance and accountability readiness. The paper recommends that Nigerian MDAs adopt the MARAM framework as a diagnostic tool for phased AI integration, prioritizing investment in digital infrastructure and human capital while strengthening regulatory coherence across existing policy instruments. It further recommends that agency leadership institutionalize data governance structures and interagency collaboration mechanisms to sustain AI-readiness beyond initial adoption. Future empirical research should validate the MARAM framework across diverse MDA contexts.
Analysis Of Innovation System Of Fish Marketing Among Producers In Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study analyzed the innovation system of fish marketing among producers in Adamawa state, Nigeria. The study was carried out in Adamawa state which is located at the Northeastern part of Nigeria. Data were collected from primary sources. The data were collected from 200 respondent using structural questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reveal actors in innovation system which include: fish marketers, fish producer/farmer, fish feed miller, and fish drug seller. The result reveals that about 49.5%, of respondents‟ were within the age ranging from 41-50 years, while those at the range of 31-40 years had 33%, those range of 21-30 years had 10% respectively. The study also reveals that about 65% of the respondent were male while the remaining percentages (35%) were female. The study revealed that about 26.0% of respondent in the study area. The result reveal majority of respondent 94% had formal education and also the result reveal that majority of respondent belong to membership association and about 97% of the respondent agree if new innovation brought to them, they will adopt and Implement an Innovation in Fish production. The result of linear regression reveals that there were significant in R2 , were 89.75% and F- value (40728.70) which influencing linkage/interaction of respondent in the study area. This indicate that any increase in the value of any of the aforementioned variables will have high influence in the innovation system. Furthermore, the coefficient of age, household size, Experience, level of education, quantity of fish membership of association, quantity of fish produced, and spread of innovation, were found to be significant at 1% and 5% while, marital status and extension contact were found to be not significant. Improving fish marketing innovation in Adamawa State requires better infrastructure, stronger producer associations, and enhanced stakeholder training.
Analysis Of Influence Of Livelihood Activities On Food Security Among Rural Farming Households In Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study examined the influence of livelihood activities on the food security status of rural farming households in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Primary data was the main sources of data which was collected with the aid of structure schedule. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques was used to select 300 farming households from six Local Government Areas across the three senatorial zones of the state. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that crop production (92.9%), selling of forest products (72.5%), and livestock production/marketing (65.3%) were the most common livelihood activities among respondents. The HFIAS results showed that only 34.7% of households were food secure, while 65.3% experienced varying degrees of food insecurity. Specifically, 25.9% were mildly food insecure, 27.5% moderately food insecure, and 11.9% severely food insecure. The marginal effect estimates indicated that on-farm income (dy/dx = 0.2145), off-farm income (dy/dx = 0.1738), non-farm income (dy/dx = 0.1964), and educational level (dy/dx = 0.0876) had positive and significant effects on household food security. Conversely, age (dy/dx = -0.0418) and household size (dy/dx = -0.0642) negatively and significantly influenced food security status. The study concludes that livelihood diversification plays a vital role in improving food security among rural farming households. Therefore, policies and interventions that promote diversified income opportunities, education, and agricultural productivity are essential for enhancing household welfare and reducing food insecurity in Adamawa State.
Challenges Of Cattle Marketing During Cash Crunch Period In North-East Nigeria
This study was conducted to examine the Challenges of Cattle Marketing during Cash Crunch Period in North-East Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 495 respondents which form the sample size. A cross sectional survey was carried out with the aid of well-structured questionnaire along with interviews to obtained Primary data for the study. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to identify challenges faced by the cattle marketers. Inadequate cash in circulation as well as poor network (Ā =6.32 and Ā =6.33 respectively) was ranked as the major challenges while lack of government support (Ā =6.63) as a minor challenge. The Kendall's W value of 0.891 indicates a high degree of agreement among the respondents regarding the perceived severity of the various challenges they face. The results shows that cashless policy have seriously affected Cattle marketing and the economy of the marketers in North-East Nigeria. This study therefore, recommend that private and public financial institutions, should provide effective E- marketing, sufficient cash in circulation and also establish platforms for knowledge exchange to address the complex challenges faced by cattle marketers, particularly during challenging periods like the liquidity crisis period.
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Health Infrastructure Development And Life Expectancy At Birth In Anglophone West African Countries
This study examines the relationship between health infrastructure and Life expectancy in Anglophone West African countries, namely Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, using panel data from 2000-2025. The study employed the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to investigate both the long-run and short-run dynamics among the variables. The long-run results revealed that immunization coverage, birth attended by skill health staff as well as specialist surgical workforce have positive and statistically significant effects on life expectancy, indicating that improvement in these aspects of health infrastructure contributes to better health outcomes in the region. Conversely, basic health services and health spending per capita exhibit negative and significant relationships with life expectancy, while hospital bed density shows a negative but significant effect. The short run estimate indicates weak and statistically significant relationship between most health infrastructure variables and life expectancy, suggesting that the impact of health infrastructure on life expectancy is more pronounced in the long-run than in the short run. Country-specific results revealed that heterogeneous effects across Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Liberia, and Sierra Leone reflecting differences in national health systems and institutional capacity. The study concludes that strengthening health infrastructure, particularly through increased immunization coverage, and expansion of the specialist health workforce is essential for improving health outcomes in Anglophone West Africa. The study recommended policy efforts should be focused on efficient allocation of health resources and sustainable investment in health infrastructure to enhance life expectancy and reduce under five mortality rate, basic health services, Hospital Beds.
Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) On Nigeria's Public Debt Stock
The rising public debt stock in Nigeria, amid declining foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, raises growing concerns about fiscal sustainability and the macroeconomic implications of capital movements in a commodity-dependent economy. This study examines the impact of FDI on Nigeria's public debt stock from 1981 to 2024, while accounting for the mediating roles of exchange rate, interest rate, and GDP growth. The study is anchored on Dunning's OLI Framework and the Absorptive Capacity Framework, providing an integrated theoretical lens for interpreting the fiscal implications of foreign capital in the Nigerian context. Using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the study establishes both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. Results show that FDI significantly reduces public debt in the long run (β = −0.7427, t = −5.194), exchange rate depreciation significantly amplifies debt accumulation (β = 1.746, t = 7.345), and GDP growth exerts a stabilizing debt-reducing effect (β = −1.117, t = −2.403). Interest rates are largely insignificant in the long run but exert meaningful short-run pressure. The error correction term (−0.1344) confirms stable equilibrium convergence at 13.4% annually. The study concludes that FDI can reduce Nigeria's debt burden when accompanied by exchange rate stability and broad-based economic growth. Policy recommendations include attracting diversified and productive FDI, stabilizing the naira, pursuing growth-enhancing structural reforms, and coordinating fiscal and monetary policies.
Effect Of Innovativeness And Proactiveness On The Performance Of Micro-Enterprises In Nasarawa State
Innovativeness and proactiveness are widely acknowledged as key drivers of business success, yet their influence on microenterprise performance in emerging markets such as Nasarawa State remains underexplored. This study examines the effect of these entrepreneurial orientations on the performance of microenterprises in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Anchored on the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study adopted a survey research design. Primary data was collected from a representative sample of 403 micro-enterprise owners and managers through structured copies of questionnaire out of the target population of 7,905 registered micro-enterprises in Nasarawa State. In which a combination of purposive and convenience sampling techniques was employed. The data collected was analysed using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that innovativeness significantly enhances micro-enterprise performance by driving product and process improvements, while proactiveness contributes positively by strengthening market responsiveness and competitive positioning. Based on these findings, the study recommends that micro-enterprise owners, policymakers and development agencies in Nasarawa State should prioritize the development of innovative capabilities and proactive strategies to promote improved performance and long-term sustainability of firms.
Moderating Effect Of Audit Committee Independence On The Relationship Between Audit Quality And Earnings Management Of Listed Non-Financial Firms In Nigeria
The study addresses the persistent challenge of earnings management in Nigerian non-financial firms, emphasizing the need for robust governance to ensure reliable financial reporting. It investigates how audit quality, measured by audit firm size, audit fees, auditor industry specialization, and auditor tenure, affects earnings management, and examines the moderating role of audit committee independence (ACIND). The study adopts a longitudinal research design using secondary panel data from 50 listed nonfinancial firms in Nigeria over ten years (2015–2024), producing 500 firm-year observations. Earnings management was assessed via standardized abnormal cash flows from operations, abnormal production costs, and abnormal discretionary expenses per Roychowdhury (2006). Data were analyzed with a Random-Effects panel regression model. Results show that audit committee independence significantly and negatively moderates the effects of audit firm size, auditor tenure, and auditor industry specialization on earnings management, enhancing audit quality’s ability to restrain manipulative reporting, whereas its moderation of audit fees was not significant. The study recommends that firms reinforce audit committee independence, regulators enforce stronger governance standards, and auditors collaborate closely with independent committees to mitigate earnings management and improve financial reporting reliability. Keywords: Earnings Management, Audit Quality, Audit Firm Size, Audit Fees, Auditor Industry Specialization, Auditor Tenure, Audit Committee Independence, Nigeria
Investigating The Activities Of Phone Snatchers (Shila Boys) In Yola North Local Government: An Assessment Of Government Intervention
Youths in any society are the engine of growth and development, because they provide the labour force for production of goods and services. They are also the critical segment of the population whose action and inaction can develop or destroy the hegemonies/fabrics of our society. This study is designed to investigate the activities of “Shila Boys” in Yola north local government area, Adamawa State, with a view to assessing government intervention. The activities of criminals, most especially “Shila boys “in Jimeta –the capital of Yola north local government includes phone snatching, stabbing causing injuries especially during night time, the groups also strike to some extent kill their victims using dangerous weapons like knife, machete, cutlass and even guns nowadays. The paper identify poverty, unemployment, drug abuse, lack of parental supervision and increased in drop-out and decadence in education are some of the factors responsible for the crime The effects further expose the inability of the government to effectively curb the activities of the group. The paper made used of primary source by means of interview and secondary source of data The paper conclude and recommend that in order to bring to drastically the activities of the menace, there is need for the government to key in educational sector by way of increased funding and ensuring that youths are educated. There is the need for employment opportunities and creation of skills and vocational centres for youths to be taught on various trades. There is also the need for community policing to enhance the intelligence gathering in reporting suspicious moves. Finally, there is also the need for proper prosecution of the offenders and their prosecutors to serve as deterrents to others. as they carry weapons to perpetrate their devilish act. The research is intended to identify the causes, the impact and the solution of crime especially that of Shila Boys. Five specific objectives will be used to guide the conduct of the research.
Impact Of Oil Rents On Non-Resource Tax Revenue: The Moderating Role Of Economic Institutions In Selected Ecowas Member Countries
This study examines the impact of oil rents on non-resource tax revenue in selected ECOWAS countries (Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, and Niger) over the period 1990–2024, with emphasis on the moderating role of economic institutional quality. Using panel data and applying Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) alongside Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) for robustness, the findings reveal that oil rents exert a negative and significant effect on non-resource tax revenue, confirming the presence of a fiscal resource curse in the region. Institutional quality, however, shows a positive effect on tax revenue. The interaction term between oil rents and institutional quality is positive and significant in the PCSE model but becomes insignificant under the DCCE robustness check, indicating that the moderating role of institutions is not entirely robust when crosssectional dependence and dynamic effects are considered. The results further indicate that weak institutional frameworks contribute to low domestic revenue mobilization, while stronger institutions enhance tax performance. The study concludes that improving governance, transparency, and accountability is critical for ensuring that oil revenues complement rather than substitute non-resource tax efforts. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening institutional capacity, diversifying economic activities, and promoting fiscal stability for sustainable revenue generation in ECOWAS countries.
Globalization And The Challenges Of Economic Diplomacy In Africa
In recent times, globalization has become a defining feature of the contemporary international system, significantly influencing economic relations among nations through increased trade, investment flows, technological advancement, and international cooperation. However, despite the opportunities associated with globalization, African countries continue to encounter considerable challenges in utilizing economic diplomacy as an effective instrument for achieving sustainable economic development. This study examined globalization and the challenges of economic diplomacy in Africa. The study was anchored on theoretical underpinning of Dependency Theory. A qualitative research design was adopted and the data generated from secondary sources were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed that although globalization has enhanced Africa’s integration into the global economy through increased trade, foreign direct investment, technological exchanges, and regional economic cooperation, the continent continues to face numerous constraints. These include excessive dependence on primary commodity exports, weak institutional and governance structures, inadequate infrastructure, technological deficiencies, policy inconsistencies, and limited bargaining power in international economic negotiations. The study further found that these structural and institutional challenges have undermined the effectiveness of economic diplomacy and constrained Africa’s ability to derive substantial developmental benefits from globalization. The study concludes that while globalization presents significant opportunities for economic transformation, its benefits cannot be fully realized without deliberate efforts to strengthen domestic institutions, promote economic diversification, improve technological capacity, and enhance regional cooperation. The study recommends strengthening regional economic integration frameworks, investing in human capital and technological development, improving governance and institutional effectiveness, and adopting strategic economic diplomacy policies aimed at enhancing Africa’s competitiveness and bargaining position within the global economy.
Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth In United Kingdom (UK): A Time Series Analysis Approach
This study investigates the impact of international trade and foreign direct investment on economic growth in the United Kingdom using updated time-series data from (1990-2025) and current economic realities. Specifically, the study investigates whether trade openness and FDI continue to exert significant positive effects on economic growth amidst Brexit adjustments, global supply chain disruptions, geopolitical uncertainty, inflationary pressures, and structural economic transformation. The findings of the study indicate that international trade represented by export plays a more substantial role in driving economic growth in the United Kingdom than Foreign Direct Investment. Export activities significantly enhance economic growth through increased productivity, market expansion, innovation, and foreign exchange generation. Although FDI was found to be statistically insignificant, policymakers should concentrate on attracting high quality and productivity enhancing investments rather than merely increasing the quantity of inflows. Priority should be given to investments capable of generating technological spill overs, employment opportunities, human capital development, and industrial diversification.
Oil Price, Exchange Rate Volatility, And Inflation Dynamics In Nigeria: An ARCH/GARCH Modelling Approach
This study investigates the volatility dynamics of inflation in Nigeria within the situation of oil price shocks, exchange rate fluctuations, money supply, interest rate, and trade openness over the period 1986- 2025. Employing the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and Generalized ARCH (GARCH) modelling framework, the study estimates the mean equation of inflation using a log-linear specification and models the conditional variance of the residuals to capture time-varying volatility. Preliminary diagnostics confirm ARCH effects in the inflation residuals (ARCH-LM test, p < 0.05). The GARCH(1,1) model, selected on the basis of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC = 62.83), reveals a high volatility persistence (α + β = 0.957), implying that inflationary shocks decay slowly with an estimated half-life of approximately 15.8 years. Interest rate is found to exert a statistically significant positive effect on inflation (p < 0.01), while oil price and exchange rate exhibit negative but statistically insignificant direct effects in the conditional mean equation. Granger causality results confirm unidirectional causality from interest rate to inflation. The conditional volatility peaks coincide with Nigeria's structural adjustment programmes (1987-1993), the oil price crash (1998-1999), and the post-COVID devaluation episode (2023-2025). These findings carry important macroeconomic policy implications for the Central Bank of Nigeria regarding monetary transmission and exchange rate management.
Monetary Policy And Income Inequality In Nigeria: New Insights From ARDL Modelling
This study examines the effect of monetary policy on income inequality in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021 using annual time-series data from the World Bank World Development Indicators. Income inequality is proxied by the Gini index, while monetary policy is captured through exchange rate, real interest rate, and inflation rate, with GDP per capita and unemployment included as control variables. The study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, supported by Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests and Granger causality analysis. The unit root results show a mixed order of integration, I(0) and I(1), validating the ARDL framework. The bounds test confirms a long-run relationship among the variables. The long-run estimates indicate that exchange rate and GDP per capita have negative and statistically significant effects on income inequality, whereas inflation, real interest rate, and unemployment are statistically insignificant. In the short run, exchange rate and GDP per capita remain significant, while the error correction term is negative and significant, showing that about 22.4 per cent of disequilibrium is corrected annually. The Granger causality results reveal unidirectional causality from exchange rate to income inequality and from income inequality to GDP per capita. The findings identify exchange rate dynamics as the dominant monetary policy channel associated with income inequality in Nigeria. The study recommends more coherent exchange rate management, stronger domestic productive capacity, and better coordination between monetary, fiscal, and industrial policies to reduce the distributional effects of macroeconomic instability.
Impact Of Household Consumption Expenditure On Private Investment In Nigeria
This study examined the impact of household consumption expenditure on private investment in Nigeria over the period 1990 to 2024. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of household expenditure on housing and household expenditure on electricity on private investment, while interest rate was included as a control variable. The study was motivated by the persistent decline and instability in private investment despite rising household consumption expenditure in Nigeria. Annual timeseries data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Development Indicators, and National Bureau of Statistics. The study adopted the Error Correction Model (ECM) estimation technique following the confirmation of mixed integration orders among the variables through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and the existence of long-run relationship using the ARDL Bounds test approach. The empirical findings revealed that household electricity expenditure exerts a negative effect on private investment in Nigeria. Specifically, the lagged electricity expenditure variable was found to be statistically significant and negatively related to private investment, implying that rising electricity costs crowd out productive investment activities. The result further showed that previous private investment positively influences current investment performance, indicating investment persistence over time. The error correction term was negative and statistically significant, confirming the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables and indicating that approximately 9.1% of short-run disequilibrium is corrected annually. The study concludes that excessive household expenditure on essential utilities, particularly electricity, weakens investment capacity in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends improved electricity infrastructure, affordable housing policies, and investment-friendly macroeconomic policies to stimulate sustainable private investment growth.
Impact Of Government Expenditure On Economic Growth In Nigeria
This paper examines the impact of government expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria from 1988 to 2023 using annual timeseries data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Government expenditure is disaggregated into recurrent expenditure, capital expenditure, and transfer payments, while economic growth is proxied by gross domestic product. The empirical strategy employs Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests, Johansen cointegration analysis, Granger causality tests, and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares estimation. The unit root results show that the variables are stationary after differencing, with transfer payments stationary at level, while the Johansen test confirms a long-run relationship among the variables. The DOLS estimates indicate that recurrent expenditure has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth, whereas capital expenditure has a positive but statistically insignificant effect. Transfer payments exert a negative and statistically insignificant effect on growth. The causality results reveal unidirectional causality from recurrent expenditure to GDP and bidirectional causality between transfer payments and GDP, while no causal relationship is found between capital expenditure and GDP. These findings suggest that the growth effect of government spending in Nigeria depends not merely on the size of expenditure but on its composition, efficiency, and implementation quality. The paper recommends improved expenditure efficiency, stronger monitoring of capital projects, rationalization of transfer payments, and better alignment of public spending with productivity-enhancing sectors.
Effect Of Fadama's Agricultural Credit And Farm Inputs Provision On Poverty Reduction Of Beneficiary Households In Benue State
The study examined the effect of Fadama agricultural credit and farm input provision on poverty reduction of beneficiary households in Benue state Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design, thereby thereby making the questionnaire the main instrument of data collection to explore the relationship between the variables. Multi-stage and stratified random sampling were used to select 400 Fadama user group members in Benue State. The study employed the Probit Regression to achieve the study’s objectives. From the data analysis, the study revealed that Fadama credit to household programmes have a significant negative effect on household income. The study further discovered that Fadamainformation and communication technology programme has an insignificant positive effect on household income. The study recommends that Governments should increase support for rural agriculture and make sure farmers receive subsidized farm inputs on schedule. Additionally, In order to promote the efficient use of digital agricultural technology for long-term poverty alleviation and sustainable rural development, it is also necessary to upgrade rural ICT infrastructure and give farmers sufficient training.
Enhancing Employee Performance Through Continuing Education And Workshops In Adamawa State Civil Service Commission, Yola
This study examined continuing education and workshops as determinants of employee performance in the Adamawa State Civil Service Commission, Yola. The study was motivated by persistent concerns over low productivity, poor service delivery, and inadequate capacity development among civil servants. The main objective was to assess the extent to which continuing education (in-service training) and workshops influence employee performance in the Commission. The study adopted a survey research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews from a population of 334 staff members, out of which 276 responses were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings from the study revealed that continuing education significantly enhances employee performance by improving job-related skills, problem-solving abilities, job satisfaction, innovation, and adaptability to organizational change. Similarly, workshops were found to positively influence employee performance by improving knowledge acquisition, practical skills, motivation, leadership development, and overall service delivery effectiveness. The study established that both continuing education and workshops are critical human resource development strategies that contribute to improved efficiency and productivity in the civil service. The study concludes that continuous investment in employee training and development is essential for strengthening institutional performance in the public sector. It recommends that the Civil Service Commission should expand opportunities for continuing education through sponsorship and study leave, while ensuring that workshops are regularly organized, job-relevant, and practically oriented to address workplace challenges.
Under-Five Mortality And Economic Performance In Selected Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From A Panel Data Analysis
This study examines the impact of under-five mortality on economic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the main objective of determining whether child mortality significantly influences GDP per capita within a dynamic macroeconomic framework. The study utilises secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI), covering a panel of selected Sub-Saharan African countries over a specified period. To achieve robust and reliable results, the study employs panel data estimation techniques, including fixed effects and random effects models, supported by diagnostic tests such as the Hausman test, heteroskedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. In addition, a dynamic panel estimation using the System Generalised Method of Moments (System-GMM) is applied to address potential endogeneity and capture dynamic relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that under-five mortality has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on economic performance, indicating that its direct impact on GDP per capita is weak in the short run. In contrast, literacy rate and labour force are found to have positive and statistically significant effects, highlighting the critical role of human capital and labour participation in driving economic growth. Government health expenditure and gross fixed capital formation, although positively related to economic performance, do not exhibit consistent statistical significance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers prioritise investment in education and human capital development, as these factors have a direct and significant influence on economic performance while also indirectly contributing to improved child survival outcomes.