This study aimed to analyses the impact of fertility, mortality and net migration on Nigeria’s economic growth. Annual data was obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria, World Development Indicators (WDI), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and United Nation – World Population Prospect for the year 1986-2023. Various techniques of analysis were employed for in the study in the pr-estimation; Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), the Philip-Peron (PP) unit root test and Philip Peron (PP) unit root test with breaks to determine the stationarity status of the data series. In addition, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Error Correction modelling procedure was further adopted to analyses the relationship between fertility, mortality and net migration on Nigeria’s economic growth, and post estimation for diagnostics test was conducted. The study established that Mortality is having a negative and significant impact, fertility is having a positive and significant impact on the economy in the long run. Net migration has a positive impact on the economy both in short and long run. The study further recommends government and relevant stakeholders should ensure accessible and affordable family planning services awareness on antenatal and postnatal care to boost economic growth. The Nigerian Diaspora Commission must engage and empower overseas citizens to contribute to national development.