Agriculture remains the backbone of Nigeria’s economy, contributing significantly to employment and non-oil foreign exchange earnings. However, despite Nigeria’s vast arable land and agricultural potential, the sector has recorded low productivity, primarily due to financial exclusion. Limited access to formal financial services, including credit, insurance, and digital banking, has hindered farmers from adopting modern technologies and expanding their production capacity. This study examines the extent of financial inclusion among farmers in Adamawa State and its impact on agricultural productivity. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data, which was then analyzed using stepwise regression. The findings show that while 65% of farmers have formal accounts, access to loans (13%) and insurance (6%) remains low. The results of the regression analysis confirm that having a formal account and access to loans positively impact agricultural productivity. However, although access to insurance is statistically significant, it negatively affects productivity possibly due to inadequate coverage, high costs, or moral hazards. The findings highlight the need for increased financial access through targeted policies and financial products tailored to the needs of small-scale farmers. Strengthening financial inclusion will not only enhance agricultural productivity but also contribute to economic stability and poverty reduction.