This study delves into the intricate relationship between financial development, structural breaks, and economic growth within the context of Nigeria. Over the course of the analysis, spanning from 1980 to 2022, the study encompasses several economic cycles and crucial historical junctures that have shaped Nigeria’s financial landscape. Key variables explored include financial development indices, economic growth indicators, trade openness, inflation, and domestic investment. To explore this multifaceted relationship, the study employs an array of econometric techniques, including graphical analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests, the Gregory-Hansen cointegration test with structural breaks, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression approach. The research findings yield valuable insights. In the long run, the study uncovers a positive and statistically significant link between financial development, as measured by the Financial Institution, Financial Market Development, and economic growth in Nigeria. However, the presence of structural breaks exerts a detrimental effect on economic growth. Notably, when financial development interacts with these structural breaks, it showcases a positive influence, hinting at the potential of a well-developed financial sector to counterbalance economic instability. Short-run dynamics paint a similar picture, with financial development, exerting a positive impact on economic growth. In terms of contributions, this study addresses an existing gap in the literature by focusing on the impact of structural breaks on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. It offers an insights into both longrun and short-run dynamics, enhancing our understanding of the complex interplay among these variables. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of acknowledging the role of structural breaks in economic dynamics, particularly when exploring the influence of financial development on economic growth. Consequently, the study recommends that Nigerian policymakers prioritize the strengthening of the financial sector, focusing on the development of financial institutions, enhancement of financial market activities, and the implementation of policies conducive to fostering economic growth. It also advocates for the recognition of structural breaks in policy design, enabling effective responses to economic challenges. Finally, measures aimed at fostering trade openness should be considered as part of a broader strategy to promote long-term economic growth in Nigeria.